What are the topics in Python programming?
Data science is dominated by Python. Python is a multi-purpose programming language. Python can be used for web programming, mobile applications, and game development, among other things. Each topic in Python programming will be simply explained here.
1. Functions
In Python, functions are the building blocks. They return a value with zero or more arguments. Defining a function is done by using the def keyword.
2. Positional and keyword arguments
Specify the parameters of a function when defining it. When a function is called, the required parameters must be supplied with values. Parameter values are also referred to as arguments.
● Only the names of positional arguments are declared.
● A name and a default value are assigned to keyword arguments.
3. *args and **kwargs
The Python language is built on functions. A function returns a value with zero or more arguments. When it comes to supplying arguments to a function in Python, you have a variety of options. The use of *args and **kwargs makes handling arguments easier and cleaner. Using *args, a function can take any number of positional arguments.
4. Classes
The object-oriented programming (OOP) paradigm is based on the concept of objects belonging to a specific type. In Python, everything is a type object, including integers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and so on. Classes are used to specify the type of item.
The following information is held by classes:
● To build a class instance, data attributes are required.
● Methods (also known as procedural attributes) are how we interact with instances of a class.
5. Lists
Python provides a built-in data structure called a list. It’s shown as a series of data points enclosed in square brackets. Lists can be used to hold any type of data, as well as a mix of data types.
6. List comprehension
List comprehension is the process of making lists out of other iterables like lists, tuples, and sets. It can also be regarded as a more user-friendly way of representing loops. Comprehending lists is faster than loops.
7. Dictionaries
A dictionary is a collection of key-value pairs that are not in any particular sequence. A key and a value are assigned to each entry. A dictionary is essentially a list with a unique index. The keys must be unique and unchangeable. Strings, numbers (int or float), and tuples can all be used as keys. Any sort of value can be used.
8. Sets
A set is a collection of distinct hashable objects that are not in any particular order. The official Python manual defines a set as follows:
● There are zero or more elements in an unordered collection. The elements of a set do not have any sort of order. As a result, unlike lists, it does not support indexing or slicing.
● A set of distinct hashable objects: each element in a set is unique. Hashable refers to anything that can’t be changed. Even though sets are mutable, their elements must be immutable.
9. Tuples
A tuple is a group of items separated by a comma and enclosed in brackets. Tuples, unlike lists, are immutable. Tuples are distinguished by their immutability, which might be regarded as a distinguishing trait.
10. Lambda expressions
Lambda expressions are a type of function that is unique. Lambda expressions are commonly used without a name.
In Python, we’ve covered some key concepts and topics. Third-party tools and frameworks such as Pandas, Matplotlib, Scikit-learn, TensorFlow, and others are used to do most data science activities.
However, to effectively use such libraries, we must have a thorough understanding of Python’s essential actions and concepts. They assume you know the fundamentals of Python.
